Online Stopwatch, Online Timer
The birth of the timer must be reduced to a basic necessity for orientation during navigation. Until about 1750 in fact, the sea voyages were problematic, because the sailors could not determine their longitude not having available tools to keep time. The latitude instead can be easily determined by measuring the height of the sun at noon.
To determine longitude, you need to read the time marked by the clock (which brings the time of the starting point) at local noon (which is determined by observing when the Sun reaches its maximum height). Through special almanacs and trigonometric tables, it is possible for the navigator to determine their longitude with a stopwatch observing the position of the sun, moon, planets visible or 57 stars visible at any time of night.
The timer problem was very heard and of great economic importance. At that time there were only clocks but the movements of the vessel shall disturb excessively operation. John Harrison developed a system based clock tree counter-oscillating connected by springs, completely insensitive to movement and gravity. His timepieces H1 and H3 were based on this system but had to be suspended and they were still disturbed by the precession and lost accuracy on long journeys.
Harrison solved the problem with the version H4, a clock is 12 cm in diameter based on a thermally compensated balance wheel, and won the British Admiralty set up to solve the problem of longitude.
This mechanism remained in use until the most accurate quartz watches became cheap.
John Harrison invented the rocker and a special exhaust, and for this he was rewarded. The technology became the property of the Admiralty that required hours of manufacturers. Thomas Earnshaw, John Arnold and others for the purpose attrezzarono realizing practical chronometers with spring-wound.
Aaron Lufkin Dennison was the pioneer of the revolution in the manufacture of Stopwatch, developing mass production techniques later adopted around the world. The American Watch Co Hamilton took advantage of mass production to supply the Stopwatchs U.S. Navy during World War II.
Today, quartz clocks and atomic clocks have been made obsolete by mechanical chronometers for keeping the time standard in industrial and scientific.
The production of mechanical timepieces continues, however, thanks to the low-cost production, and are produced each year, only in Switzerland, more than one million certified chronometers. It is mostly mechanical wristwatches with rocker spring, individually numbered. To increase the efficiency of a fine watch is used to form the gear bearing the ruby (now mostly artificial), which is very strong and durable, and offers a better resistance defined. Often in watches is specified the number of rubies used as an index of quality.
The sports online stopwatch are typically designed to measure the time from a time zero corresponds to the start of the race. The start and stop of the stopwatch can be made manually or automatically by means of buttons. The latter solution, which eliminates the delay human, it is essential in the speed events, where victory or the overcoming of a record are sometimes determined by hundredths of a second. The boot system can be activated from the gun that gives the starting signal, or the light in motorsport, from the gate in skiing or mermaid swimming. The stop signal can be provided by the interruption of a light beam of a photoelectric cell, by the passage of a pressure switch in cycling and in some disciplines automobile or by a plate in swimming. In racing on circuit (athletics, some races of Nordic skiing, cycling, trot ...) using the photo-finish system, which allows to determine without error in order of arrival of competitors.
In bidding chess using a double online stopwatch in which each player by pressing a button at the end of his move, stops his clock and start his opponent's. If one player ends the time available loses the game regardless of the situation on the board. Most of the clocks used in the detection of the online timer in sporting events offer the opportunity to detect intermediate times, be connected to a board for display and be connected to a computer for processing the charts.
Stopwatch on transponder
In motor racing (motorcycle and car) are widely used timers in the transponder. The detection system of final times and intermediate passages is composed of a transponder (transmitter + responder) on board the vehicle, which, powered by an autonomous system, emits an identification code of the competitor. On detection point on the track is present a loop (a loop of wire of rectangular shape which can be fixed to the surface of the runway or that can be dipped into the asphalt with a removable system. This coil is connected to the detection device of the computerized Rates and performs the function of antenna. At the passage of vehicles the magnetic field generated by the loop basement activates the transponder which emits the identification code received by the system of automatic detection of the times.
To determine longitude, you need to read the time marked by the clock (which brings the time of the starting point) at local noon (which is determined by observing when the Sun reaches its maximum height). Through special almanacs and trigonometric tables, it is possible for the navigator to determine their longitude with a stopwatch observing the position of the sun, moon, planets visible or 57 stars visible at any time of night.
The timer problem was very heard and of great economic importance. At that time there were only clocks but the movements of the vessel shall disturb excessively operation. John Harrison developed a system based clock tree counter-oscillating connected by springs, completely insensitive to movement and gravity. His timepieces H1 and H3 were based on this system but had to be suspended and they were still disturbed by the precession and lost accuracy on long journeys.
Harrison solved the problem with the version H4, a clock is 12 cm in diameter based on a thermally compensated balance wheel, and won the British Admiralty set up to solve the problem of longitude.
This mechanism remained in use until the most accurate quartz watches became cheap.
John Harrison invented the rocker and a special exhaust, and for this he was rewarded. The technology became the property of the Admiralty that required hours of manufacturers. Thomas Earnshaw, John Arnold and others for the purpose attrezzarono realizing practical chronometers with spring-wound.
Aaron Lufkin Dennison was the pioneer of the revolution in the manufacture of Stopwatch, developing mass production techniques later adopted around the world. The American Watch Co Hamilton took advantage of mass production to supply the Stopwatchs U.S. Navy during World War II.
Today, quartz clocks and atomic clocks have been made obsolete by mechanical chronometers for keeping the time standard in industrial and scientific.
The production of mechanical timepieces continues, however, thanks to the low-cost production, and are produced each year, only in Switzerland, more than one million certified chronometers. It is mostly mechanical wristwatches with rocker spring, individually numbered. To increase the efficiency of a fine watch is used to form the gear bearing the ruby (now mostly artificial), which is very strong and durable, and offers a better resistance defined. Often in watches is specified the number of rubies used as an index of quality.
The sports online stopwatch are typically designed to measure the time from a time zero corresponds to the start of the race. The start and stop of the stopwatch can be made manually or automatically by means of buttons. The latter solution, which eliminates the delay human, it is essential in the speed events, where victory or the overcoming of a record are sometimes determined by hundredths of a second. The boot system can be activated from the gun that gives the starting signal, or the light in motorsport, from the gate in skiing or mermaid swimming. The stop signal can be provided by the interruption of a light beam of a photoelectric cell, by the passage of a pressure switch in cycling and in some disciplines automobile or by a plate in swimming. In racing on circuit (athletics, some races of Nordic skiing, cycling, trot ...) using the photo-finish system, which allows to determine without error in order of arrival of competitors.
In bidding chess using a double online stopwatch in which each player by pressing a button at the end of his move, stops his clock and start his opponent's. If one player ends the time available loses the game regardless of the situation on the board. Most of the clocks used in the detection of the online timer in sporting events offer the opportunity to detect intermediate times, be connected to a board for display and be connected to a computer for processing the charts.
Stopwatch on transponder
In motor racing (motorcycle and car) are widely used timers in the transponder. The detection system of final times and intermediate passages is composed of a transponder (transmitter + responder) on board the vehicle, which, powered by an autonomous system, emits an identification code of the competitor. On detection point on the track is present a loop (a loop of wire of rectangular shape which can be fixed to the surface of the runway or that can be dipped into the asphalt with a removable system. This coil is connected to the detection device of the computerized Rates and performs the function of antenna. At the passage of vehicles the magnetic field generated by the loop basement activates the transponder which emits the identification code received by the system of automatic detection of the times.